1. James Stack, "An account of the Maori House attached to the Christchurch Museum," read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, (August 5 1875). Most subsequent reports of Hau-Te-Ananui-o-Tangaroa have drawn heavily on Stack's paper which was published in Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute (1875), v. 8, pp. 172-176. H. von Haast repeats parts of it verbatim in his biography of his father. The Life and Times of Sir Julius von Haast, explorer, geologist, museum builder (Wellington: H. F. von Haast, 1948), pp. 683-685. Other texts which have cited Stack are: Guide to the Collections in the Canterbury Museum (Christchurch: Canterbury Museum, 1906); W. J. Phillipps, "Carved Meeting Houses of the Eastern Districts of the North Island," Records of the Dominion Museum (1944), v. 1, n. 2, pp. 111-112; and Roger Neich, Painted Histories (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1994), pp. 271-272. Stack's paper was reprinted in Te Karanga (1989), v. 5, n. 2, pp. 11-13.

2. Thomas Potts, letter to William Rolleston, Superintendent, (June 25 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

3. Haast, letter to Secretary for Public Works, (March 31 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

4. £200 was paid to Henare Potae. Costs of removal of the house and the carvers to Christchurch were £91.2.2. The estimate for the cost of erecting the Maori House was £478.17.0. (Statement of accounts attached to letter from the Chairman of the Canterbury College Board to the Provincial Secretary, (June 16 1875), Estimate of cost of erection, signed by B. W. Mountfort, architect, (March 20 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].) The Illustrated New Zealand Herald suggested the total cost at £1000 (November 1875), n. 99, p. 6.

5. Stack, "An account of the Maori House," p. 173.

6. James Buller, letter to Julius von Haast, (June 26 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

7. Margaret Alington, Frederick Thatcher and St Paul's: An Ecclesiological Study (Wellington: Government Printer, 1965), p. 39.

8. Holy Trinity was built in 1852 and demolished shortly thereafter. Peter Shaw, New Zealand Architecture from Polynesian Beginnings to 1990 (Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991), p. 30; Ian Lochhead, "The Early Works of Benjamin Woolfield Mountfort 1850-1865," (MA thesis, University of Auckland, 1975), pp. 44-47.

9. Letters to the Governor of New Zealand concerning the designs for the new Government House, Auckland (1856-1857), Colonial Secretary's Notebook, National Archives, Wellington IA1 60/1708.

10. The Press (May 11 1865), p. 3.

11. 'Committee of taste,' report to Canterbury Provincial Executive Council, (May 5 1860), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349a [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

12. The Press (November 22 1865), p. 2.

13. The Press (May 9 1865), p. 2.

14. Lochhead has noted these parallels with Oxford. "The Early Works of Benjamin Woolfield Mountfield," pp. 84, 91.

15. A collection of building stones was kept there, however. The Lyttelton Times (February 16 1881), p. 5.

16. Haast, The Life and Times of Sir Julius von Haast pp. 456, 560-563.

17. Haast, The Life and Times of Sir Julius von Haast p. 599.

18. catalogue, Art Exhibition, 1870 (Christchurch: Art Exhibition Committee, 1870); The Press (March 14 1870), p. 2.

19. George Rolleston, letter to Haast, (February 1871), mentions that Thomas Acland had "offered to take charge of our Dodo's head for your museum," and that "some photographs of views in the interior of our Museum" were being sent. Haast papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, MS Papers 37, folder 132.

20. The Lyttelton Times article on the opening of the museum notes that "We are informed that it is part only of an extended design, and no doubt when complete will fall into its proper place with effect," (October 1 1870), p. 2.

21. Haast, memorandum to Provincial Council (May 30 1874). Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP658a/21 [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office]. The 1876 extension consisted of a reworking of this design, much reduced and relocated to the eastern side of the 1870 building. The 1882 portion was a timber version of one of the proposed iron and glass roofs of 1874.

22. Trevor Garnham, Oxford Museum (London: Phaidon, 1992), unpaginated; The Press (May 9 1865), p. 2. The tower was to be finally set up as a free-standing edifice.

23. Garnham, Oxford Museum bibliography.

24. Street cited, Peter Fuller, Theoria: art and the absence of grace (London: Chatto and Windus, 1988), p. 96.

25. The Press (May 9 1878), p. 2.

26. Historic Buildings of New Zealand: South Island ed. Frances Porter, (Auckland: Methuen, 1983), p. 87.

27. John Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin (London: George Allen, 1903-1912), v. 16, p. 221.

28. On the relationship between his pieces in The Press and Butler's later writings, see The Works of Samuel Butler eds. Henry Festing Jones and A T Bartholomew, (New York: AMS Press, 1968), v. 20, pp. 32-49; and Joseph Jones, The Cradle of Erewhon (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1959), pp. 98-113. Cellarius' distaste for machinery could be compared to Ruskin's dislike of machine made ornament.

29. Haast, typescript of address to the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, as its first president, (1862), pp. 23-24. Haast papers, Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, MS37 244.

30. Charles Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965). The Haast papers at the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, include a folder of correspondence from Darwin. Darwin wrote to Haast on January 2 1868 thanking him for Stack's answers to his queries (apparently sent to various correspondents in the form of a checklist) regarding human expression. The answers were few "but decidedly the best and clearest I have received from any quarter." MS37 51.

31. Julius von Haast, report on Progress of Canterbury Museum for eighteen months ending March 31st 1875, Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

32. Haast, The Life and Times of Sir Julius von Haast p. 8.

33. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 16, pp. 220-221.

34. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 20, p. 39.

35. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 20, p. 21.

36. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 20, pp. 31-32.

37. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 20, p. 41.

38. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin p. 42; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (London: Vintage, 1994), pp. 123-127.

39. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 20, p. 42.

40. Johannes Fabian, Time and the Other: how anthropology makes its object (New York: Coulmbia University Press, 1983), p. 17.

41. Haast, memorandum to Provincial Council (May 30 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP658a/21 [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

42. This could not happen now. In recent years the Canterbury Museum has pondered what it might do with the carvings that made up the building. One proposal was to erect it at a marae at the University of Canterbury. This was opposed by local Ngai Tahu, who did not want a marae set up where the appropriate protocols would not be theirs. Personal communication from Chris Jacomb, Canterbury Museum archaeologist and ethnological curator; (May 1995).

43. "The Maori House, Canterbury Museum," The Illustrated New Zealand Herald (November, 1875), n. 99, p. 6. This 'absence' of Maori from the South Island should perhaps be considered with Homi Bhabha's reading, in the context of colonialism, of the word 'territory' as "a place from which people are frightened off." "Sly Civility," October (1985), n. 34, p. 78.

44. Ruskin, The Works of John Ruskin v. 11, p. 189; Bastian cited, Johannes Fabian, Time and the Work of Anthropology (Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991), p. 194.

45. Samuel Locke, telegram to Julius von Haast, (January 6 1873). Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office]. The Provincial Government had apparently already approved the expenditure of £100 for "the Maori house at Poverty Bay." Haast, note to Provincial Secretary, (January 7 1873), - on the back of Locke's telegram.

46. Thomas Potts, letter to the Superintendent (June 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

47. Haast, "Statement re Maori House," (June 26 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

48. "Statement re Maori House," CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

49. James Stack, letter to Julius von Haast, (June 26 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

50. Haast cited, Haast, The Life and Times of Sir Julius von Haast p. 684.

51. Paul Carter, Living in a New Country: history, travelling and language (London: Faber, 1992), pp. 75-77.

52. Haast, letter to the Provincial Secretary for Public Works (May 1874), Canterbury Provincial Government Papers, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

53. Stack, "An account of the Maori House," p. 173.

54. B W Mountfort, Other Times (Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs, 1885), p. 4. For an account of the relationships between New Zealand and Great Britain during the late nineteenth century see Keith Sinclair, A History of New Zealand (Auckland: Penguin, 1991), pp. 213-233.

55. Sinclair, A History of New Zealand p. 154.

56. Craw, "Visible Difference: Nationalist Repertoires and the Semiotics of Place in New Zealand Science," Antic (1990), n. 4, pp. 5-7.

57. Mountfort, Other Times p. 3.

58. Bann, "The Sense of the Past: Image, Text, and Object in the Formation of Historical Consciousness in Nineteenth-Century Britain," The New Historicism ed. H Aram Veeser, (New York & London: Routledge, 1989), p. 103.

59. "In such an environment the stereotype acquires authenticity; it gathers strength for a seemingly inexhaustible cycle of repetition and regeneration." Zeynep Celik & Leila Kinney, "Ethnography and Exhibitionism at the Expositions Universelles," Assemblage (1990), n. 13, p. 35.

60. On progress and nationalism at the World Fairs, particularly at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900, Michael Wilson, "Consuming History," American Journal of Semiotics (1991), v. 8 n. 4, pp. 131-153.

61. Edward N Kaufman, "The Architectural Museum from World's Fair to Restoration Village," Assemblage (1989), n. 9, pp. 33-34.

62. Bann, "The Sense of The Past," p. 109.

63. Haast, report on the Progress of Canterbury Museum, CAAR CH287, CP 349d [National Archives Christchurch Regional Office].

64. Guide to the Collections in the Canterbury Museum pp. 218-219.

65. The Lyttelton Times (February 3 1881), p. 5.

66. This information is contained in notes, apparently taken from annual reports for the period 1890-1939, in possession of C Jacomb, Canterbury Museum.

67. I would like to acknowledge the Victoria University of Wellington Internal Grants Committee for its support of the research presented in this paper.